True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true
or false.
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1.
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Fossils most
often form when a dead organism is buried in sediments.
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2.
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Carbon films
are formed when a thin film of carbon is left, forming a silhouette of the original
organism.
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3.
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Dinosaur
footprints are original remains.
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4.
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To be a
useful index fossil, a species must have been rare.
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5.
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Nonconformities occur when sedimentary rocks are deposited on top of uplifted and
eroded metamorphic or igneous rocks.
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6.
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Radiocarbon
dating would be useful in dating the age of Earth.
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7.
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Index
fossils are the remains of species that existed on Earth for relatively short periods of
time.
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8.
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Absolute age
examines the position of rocks in a sequence.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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9.
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All of the
following conditions help preserve organisms as fossils EXCEPT ____. a. | quick burial by
sediments | c. | protection from
scavengers | b. | hard parts | d. | activities of microorganisms | | | | |
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10.
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If the same
types of fossils are found in two separate rock layers, it's likely that the two rock layers
____. a. | formed at different
times | c. | formed under different
conditions | b. | are part of one continuous deposit | d. | none of the above | | | | |
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11.
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Determining
the order of events and the relative age of rocks by examining the position of rocks in a sequence is
called ____. a. | absolute
dating | c. | relative
dating | b. | radiometric dating | d. | radiocarbon dating | | | | |
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12.
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Gaps in rock
layers are called ____. a. | unconformities | c. | half-lives | b. | index fossils | d. | none of the above | | | | |
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13.
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If the same
sequence of rock layers is observed over a large area, ____. a. | they are probably not
related | b. | a large deposit of rock formed over a large
area | c. | conditions of formation
were probably very different | d. | it is just a coincidence | | |
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14.
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A limestone
bed containing fossils that are 550 million years old is ____ a bed of sandstone containing fossils
that are 400 million years old. a. | younger than | c. | older than | b. | the same age as | d. | not related to | | | | |
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15.
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In a series
of undisturbed rock layers where shale lies between sandstone below and limestone above, the
____. a. | limestone is
youngest | c. | sandstone is
youngest | b. | shale is youngest | d. | beds are all the same age | | | | |
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16.
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____ dating
uses the properties of atoms in rocks and other objects to find their ages. a. | Comparative | c. | Approximate | b. | Absolute | d. | Relative | | | | |
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17.
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Rock layers
are correlated if they both contain the same ____. a. | elements | c. | fossils | b. | shapes | d. | type of rock | | | | |
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18.
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If a layer
of sandstone lies on top of a layer of limestone in which a 300-million-year-old fossil is found, and
there are no unconformities, the layer of sandstone must be ____. a. | older than 300 million
years | c. | about 300 million years
old | b. | younger than 300
million years | d. | older than 600 million
years | | | | |
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19.
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With ____
dating, a rock's exact age can be determined, whereas with ____ dating, a rock's age is compared to
the ages of other rocks. a. | absolute, relative | c. | true, absolute | b. | relative,
absolute | d. | relative,
approximate | | | | |
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Matching
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Match
each item with the correct statement below. a. | remains | e. | missing layer | b. | fossil | f. | trace | c. | mold | g. | radioactive decay | d. | hard | h. | carbon-14 | | | | |
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20.
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A ______ may
tell a geologist when, where, and how an organism lived.
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21.
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A ______ is
the cavity left behind in the rock after an organism's hard part has dissolved.
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22.
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Fossils up
to 75,000 years old can be dated with ______.
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23.
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The ______
parts of organisms are most likely to become fossils.
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24.
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Fossils are
the ______, imprints, or traces of once-living organisms preserved in rock.
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25.
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An
unconformity is a ______ of rock.
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26.
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Preserved
animal tracks are called ______ fossils.
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27.
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is measured
in half-lives
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Match
each item with the correct statement below. a. | carbonaceous film | g. | index fossils | b. | cast | h. | mold | c. | principle of superposition | i. | uniformitarianism | d. | radiometric
dating | j. | radioactive
decay | e. | beta decay | k. | relative dating | f. | half-life | l. | unconformities | | | | |
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28.
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the process
in which one of an isotope's neutrons breaks down into a proton and an electron and the electron
leaves the atom as a beta particle [beta decay]
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29.
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fossil
formed when an outline of the original organism is formed from left-over carbon
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30.
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made when
sediments fill in a cavity made when an object decayed and the sediments harden into
rock
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31.
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the time it
takes for half of the atoms in an isotope to decay
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32.
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fossils of
species that lived on Earth for short periods of time and were abundant and were widespread
geographically
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33.
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states that
for undisturbed rocks, the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the rocks become younger and younger
toward the top
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34.
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hollow place
in rock made when an organism died and was buried and holes in the rock let air or water reach it and
dissolve the organism
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35.
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the process
of calculating the absolute age of a rock by measuring the amounts of parent and daughter materials
in a rock and by knowing the half-life of the parent
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36.
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a process
that uses the properties of atoms in rocks and other objects to find their ages
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37.
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the order of
events and the relative age of rocks is determined by examining the position of rocks in a
sequence
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38.
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gaps in rock
layers that develop when agents of erosion remove existing rock layers
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39.
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states that
Earth processes today are similar to those that took place in the past
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